DRUG TESTING AT THE PAN AMERICAN GAMES

The use of illegal substances to enhance performances has a long history in international sports.  Modern testing dates back to 1960 when a Danish cyclist, Knut Jensen, died during the Olympic road race after swallowing amphetamines and nicotinyl tartrate.  In 1967, the International Olympic Committee began banning performance enhancing drugs.      At the Pan American Games, experminental drug testing was done during the cycling events at the 1967 games in Winnipeg.  A single cyclist tested positive, but because the testing was unofficial, no name was released nor was any action taken.  Since then, testing has increased with each games and led to several scandals, most notably at Caracas in 1983.  In those games, 15 athletes were caught by more sophisticated (and unannounced) testing.  In addition, 12 U.S. athtletes returned home without competing, raising suspicions of steroid use by them.      Below is a list of those athletes who failed drug tests at the Pan American Games.

POSITIVE DRUG TEST TESTS AT THE PAN AMERICAN GAMES

WINNIPEG 1967 (unnamed) SAN JUAN 1979 Joan Wenzell CARACAS 1983 Daniel Nunez Alberto Blanco Guy Greavette Michel Viau Jose Loada Caballero M. Dolcey Guillermo Lopez Jeff Michels Enrique Montiel Jose Adarmes Paez Jacques Oliger Fernando Vera ? ? ?

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cycling athletics - 800m weightlifting -- 132lbs/60kg weightlifting -- 220lbs weightlifting -- 182lbs weightlifting -- 148lbs weightlifting weightlifting weightlifting weightlifting -- 243lbs weightlifting weightlifting weightlifting cycling athletics athletics fencing

? antihistamines anabolic steroids anabolic steroids anabolic steroids anabolic steroids anabolic steroids anabolic steroids anabolic steroids testosterone anabolic steroids anabolic steroids anabolic steroids anabolic steroids anabolic steroids anabolic steroids anabolic steroids

In addition, the following U.S. athletes left for home before competing:

Jesse Stuart Ian Pyka Paul Bishop Greg McSeveney Dave McKenzie John McArdle Mike Patrick Brady Crain Duncan Atwood Mike Tully Gary Bastien Mike Marlow

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athletics -- shot put athletics -- shot put athletics -- discus athletics -- discus athletics -- hammer throw athletics -- hammer throw athletics -- 400m relay athletics -- 400m relay athletics -- javelin athletics -- pole vault (later returned, won the gold medal, and passed the drug test) athletics -- decathlon athletics -- triple jump

INDIANAPOLIS 1987 Bill Green Bernando Ocando Orlando Vasquez-Mendose Javier Jimenez Pedro Torres Elenes Bollings Sally Gilbert HAVANA 1991 Jose Antonio Gomez Georgette Reed Pedro Garcia Miro Armando Becker MAR DEL PLATA 1995 Rolando Marchinares Nelson Stanley Silken Laumann WINNIPEG 1999 Steve Vezina Juana Rosario Arrendel Javier Sotomayor William Vargas Rolando Delgado Roberto Vizcarra Hector Alvarez Ray Martinez SANTO DOMINGO 2003 Letitia Vriesde Mickey Grimes

testosterone beta-blockers diuretic anabolic steroids anabolic steroids ephedrine antihistimine (given warning only) pseudoephedrine pseudoephedrine beta-blockers ? nandrolone nandrolone ephedrine ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, & nandrolone stanzozolol cocaine nandrolone nandrolone nandrolone nandrolone refused to take drug test excessive caffeine ephedrine

athletics -- hammer throw shooting weightlifting weightlifting weightlifting basketball swimming -- 200m freestyle relay rowing athletics -- shot put shooting -- center-fire pistol basketball weightlifting weightlifting rowing -- single & quadruple sculls roller hockey athletics -- high jump athletics -- high jump weightlifting -- 136.4lbs weightlifting -- 152lbs baseball baseball baseball athletics -- 800m athletics -- 100m & 400m relay

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